Olen tämän alla olevan mielenkiintoisen linkin laittanut aiemminkin, joka varmaan järkyttää monia kuinka siinä toivotaan munasolujen luovuttajan olevan älykäs, vaalea ja kaunis, josta ollaan valmiita maksamaan 50 000 dollaria. Eipä ole tietoa munasolujen haluajista, mutta tutkimuksissa ja uutisissa on usein kerrottu kuinka ihmiset usein haluavat samannäköisiä jälkeläisiä, joten tässä voi olla kyse valkoisista. Tietenkin on myös ihmisiä, jotka voivat haluta ulkonäöltään erilaisia tai eksoottisia lapsia, mutta muistaakseni Italiassa ainakin on ollut tapaus, jossa hedelmätön musta nainen halusi italialaisen naisen munasoluja, jotta lapsi ei kokisi rasismia. En pääse alla olevaa tutkimusta lukemaan, mutta mielestäni on typerää höpöttää rasismista, jos perhe haluaa samannäköisiä lapsia ja onhan se myös ymmärrettävää, että moni perhe haluaa älykkäitä ja hyviä lapsia.
Boutique Egg Donations: A New Form of Racism and Patriarchy
$100,000 for the ova of a Caucasian woman
Eggsploitation @ Stanford
In Latin America, Ecuador has developed an oöcyte market featuring “light skinned” vendors, servicing neighbouring countries (Roberts 2010), and in south-east Asia, Vietnamese women sell oöcytes and gestational surrogacy to intending parents in Thailand (Whittaker and Speier 2010). Oöcyte markets tend towards regional foot prints, because fertility clinics typically recruit vendors from populations phenotypically similar to purchasers, so that the resulting child will share the commissioning couples’ characteristics—particularly their skin colour. Hence, clinics market a particular range of phenotypes, and will attract clients who seek this phenotype across a regulatory border if similar services are prohibited in the country of origin. So, for example, German fertility tourists, unable to access oöcytes at home, can drive a few hours to Prague, in the Czech Republic, where fertility clinics are heavily oriented towards an international clientele (Whittaker and Speier 2010; Bergman 2011b).Lähde
[...]
East European women are a particularly desirable oöcyte vendor population because they share the fair-skinned characteristics of the north-European purchasers who travel from their more restrictive countries (Germany, Scandinavia, UK) to the south and east European clinics that facilitate matching. Oöcyte markets create the conditions in which East European women can capitalise on their phenotypic assets.
[...]
Rural donors are preferred because they are both more in need of money and considered more “pure” than urban donors, both less likely to be HIV+ and less likely to be “gypsies” (Romani) or undesirable migrants. As Bergmann notes, while the Spanish model caters to the requirements of a more cosmopolitan, ethnically diverse clientele, the Czech model is more concerned to conserve the values of ethnic purity, untainted by the contaminations of globalisation and urbanisation (Bergmann 2011b).
[...]
Israel has a vigorous fertility industry, heavily subsidised by the state as part of a suite of pro-natalist policies. The Israeli clients stated a strong preference for “European” oöcyte providers, tall with pale skin, small noses, blue eyes, and European “refinement.” Nahman notes that this preference reflects the majority Ashkenazi Jewish identification with European culture but also a more general desire for gentile, northern European norms of beauty (Nahman 2006).
[...]
A similar dynamic underpins the explosion of the Indian gestational surrogacy market, a more truly global phenomenon than most oöcyte markets, because the ethnicity and skin colour of the surrogate is not at issue in the process. Rather the surrogate can literally rent her uterus for the reproduction of white children, as well as those of other ethnicities, without leaving a genetic trace on the offspring. In each case women isolate and transact the desirable aspects of their fertility according to a map of regional and global economic power relations, which itself maps on to older histories of race and empire.
Infertile Woman Has Child Thanks To New Stanford Technique
Female obesity linked to lower rates of live birth and embryo implantation in the uterus
Designer Babies
Aiemmin kertoilin munasolujen ja siittiöiden luovutuksesta, niin yhdessä tutkimuksessa kerrottiin kuinka israelilaiset haluavat mielellään eurooppalaisten munasoluja, joita sitten hankitaan edullisesti Ukrainasta ja Romaniasta, mutta alla olevan linkin kautta voi ihmetellä israelilaisen lapsettomuusklinikan sivuja ja siellä olevaa heprean kielistä listaa luovuttajista.
CryoBank
Munasoluihin liittyen löysin tänään mielenkiintoisen tutkimuksen, jossa tarkastellaan osaltaan rotuun perustuvaa luokittelua vaikka nykyään monien tutkijoiden mukaan rotuja ei ole olemassa.
“Smart, confident, and gorgeous . . . a real 10!” This attention-grabbing headline can be found in a database of potential egg donors, positioned above a picture of a fair-skinned young woman along with her height (5’9”), eye color (green), and hair color (blonde). In this database, profiles of young, talented, and beautiful women compete for the attention of prospective parents searching for the genetic contributor to an imagined child. Should they choose “smart, confident, and gorgeous,” or “responsible, intelligent, ethical, and good-hearted?” Do they select the “blonde, Jewish firefighter in Israel” to carry on a religious and cultural heritage? Will any of these traits surface in their future child through genetic inheritance?Lähde
[...]
According to a study by Celeste M. Condit et al., lay people are likely to identify race by a person’s physical appearance, with skin color as primary, but not sufficient, evidence of racial belonging. The researchers conclude that “lay people tend to believe that race is identified by appearance and that genes are responsible for appearance; therefore they believe that race has a genetic basis” (Condit et al. 260). This research supports the emphasis placed on phenotypic markers of race in egg donor profiles; if phenotype is viewed as largely genetic, and the most significant marker of racial difference, then intended parents will use multiple metrics (pictures, statistics such as height and weight, and self-identified ethnicity, race, and skin tone) to measure a donor’s racial makeup.
Google Scholar:sta voi etsiä lisää tutkimuksia tai kirjoituksia koskien hedelmättömyyshoitoja, joissa usein kerrotaan ihmisten haluavan ulkonäöltään samankaltaisen lapsen ja vaikka osa lasta haluavista voisi eksoottisemman lapsen ottaa, kuten taisi yhdessä tutkimuksessa lesbopariskunta esille tuoda, niin he ajattelivat siitä olevan lapselle haittaa, että olisi vielä ulkonäöltään erilainen lesboperheessä. Tämän lisäksi monet lapsettomuusklinikat eivät mielellään anna munasoluja ja siittiöitä eri rotuun tai ulkonäöllisesti erilaiseen ihmisryhmään kuuluville, koska käytäntönä on yleensä tehdä ulkonäöllisesti samankaltaisempi lapsi.
'Positive eugenics': European bodies, European beauty
Olen tässä aina välillä yrittänyt etsiä tietoa, että millaisia ovat ulkonäöltään munasolujen luovuttajat, mutta nähtävästi siitä ei yhtä vapaasti kerrota kuin miehistä kerrotaan esim. tanskalaisessa spermapankissa, koska vaaditaan rekisteröitymistä. Löysin kuitenkin nyt muutaman sivuston, joissa on listattu luovuttajia ja amerikkalaiseen tapaan voi havaita monien luovuttajien olevan taustaltaan monietnisiä, joten voi tarkastella ulkonäön perinnöllisyyttä.
Lähde - Lista luovuttajista - 2 - 3
Have we gotten to this stage? Apparently, some Ghanaians have bought into the concept of ‘light skin rule’ to the extent that black married couples are paying to have ‘mix race kids’.Lähde
A new business set up which is making this possible is said to be booming in Accra and that people are paying $3,000 dollars and over just to have half caste kids…
What a disgusting low self esteem!
[...]
In Ghana, they are regarded as hotcakes. Their complexion put them on a fairly higher pedestal, as they are the ones every guy or lady craves to date – the half-caste!
But ever thought that a time will come for half-caste babies to be bred in Ghana? Well, thanks to modern science, one can have a half-caste or mixed-race baby without necessarily having to marry or have sexual intercourse with a person of different race.
[...]
The Half-caste babies entrepreneur prides himself of giving women and couples half-caste babies with “mental and physical beauty”.
“A new world has began and it is like the tide, you either swim along or get left behind. You too can be a blessing for the next generation,” he posted on Facebook.
To Boateng, there is what he has termed “a vast racial gap between Africa and the rest of the world” which ought to be bridged through breeding of half-caste on the continent.
